How to Flush a Hot Tub: Biofilm Deep Clean Before You Refill

How to flush a hot tub before a water change: dose 200 ml per 1,500 L, run the jets, soak overnight, then drain. Removes the biofilm behind cloudy water.

To flush a hot tub, add a pipework flush product such as ClearSpa Hot Tub Flush to the old water just before a drain and refill: remove the cartridge filter, dose about 200 ml per 1,500 litres, run the jets on high for 30 minutes with the cover off, leave to soak for 8 to 12 hours (ideally overnight), run the jets again briefly, then drain completely, wipe and hose down the shell, refit a clean filter and refill. Flushing removes biofilm, the slime layer inside the pipework where most hot tub bacteria actually live, and it is the step that stops cloudy water and high sanitiser use coming straight back after a water change.

What biofilm is and why refilling alone does not fix it

Biofilm is a slime made of polysaccharides and trapped organics that bacteria build to anchor themselves inside hot tub pipework and jets. Most of the bacteria in a hot tub live in this pipework slime, not in the water itself, which is why it hides from your sanitiser and keeps chlorine or bromine demand high. Draining and refilling changes the water but leaves the biofilm on the pipe walls, so the fresh fill inherits the same problem: cloudy water that returns within days, a musty or sour smell from the jets on start-up, and sanitiser that vanishes faster than it should.

When your hot tub needs a flush

How to flush a hot tub, step by step

  1. Remove the cartridge filter and put it aside; do not refit it until after the refill.
  2. Pour 200 ml of Hot Tub Flush per 1,500 litres directly into the tub. As a guide: 150 ml for a 1,000 litre small spa, 200 ml for a typical 1,500 litre hot tub, 300 ml for a 2,000 litre tub and 750 ml for a 5,000 litre swim spa.
  3. Open all the jets, including the air controls, so the flush reaches the full pipework, then run the jets on high for 30 minutes with the cover off.
  4. Switch the jets off and leave the water to soak for 8 to 12 hours, ideally overnight. For very heavy biofilm, increase the soak time to 24 hours rather than the dose.
  5. Run the jets again for 10 minutes, then drain the tub completely.
  6. Wipe the shell, hose down the empty tub, refit a clean filter and refill with fresh water, then balance and sanitise as normal.

Brown or grey particles, foam or a strong smell during the flush are the treatment working - that is old biofilm and trapped oils lifting off the pipe walls. Keep the cover off and ventilate; the smell clears soon after the jets are switched off.

Safety first

Use the flush only when you are draining the tub - never bathe in flushed water. The concentrate is alkaline: wear nitrile gloves and splash-proof goggles, avoid breathing vapours while the jets run, never mix it with chlorine products during the flush, and drain to a sewer rather than a soakaway. Always follow the instructions and safety guidance on the product label.

After the flush: give the fresh fill a clean start

With clean pipework, the new water starts with far lower sanitiser demand. Refill, balance total alkalinity and pH first, then establish your free chlorine or bromine level and test regularly. If your water problems persist after a flush and refill, work through the hot tub water troubleshooting guide, and see how often to drain and refill a UK hot tub to plan your water-change routine.

Frequently Asked Questions

How often should I flush my hot tub?

Flush at every routine water change - for most UK hot tubs that is roughly quarterly. Flush sooner if sanitiser demand creeps up, the jets smell musty on start-up, or cloudy water keeps returning days after a refill.

Can I use the hot tub while the flush is in the water?

No. A pipework flush is used only when you are about to drain the tub, and you should never bathe in flushed water. Drain completely, rinse the shell and refill with fresh water before using the tub again.

Why does my hot tub water go cloudy again a few days after a refill?

Usually because biofilm in the pipework survived the water change. The slime layer keeps feeding bacteria and organics into the fresh water, so sanitiser is used up quickly and cloudiness returns. A pre-drain flush removes the biofilm so the new fill gets a clean start.

Do I need to clean the filter as part of a flush?

Yes. Remove the cartridge filter before dosing the flush and do not refit it until after the refill - fit a cleaned or new cartridge so the fresh water is not re-seeded from a dirty filter.